चतुश्चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः अथातो विरेचनद्रव्यविकल्पविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः, यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ॥१॥
Now we shall discourse on the Chapter, which treats of the choice of purgative (Virechana-Dravya-Vikalpa-Vijnaniyaadhyaya). 1
अरुणाभं त्रिवृन्मूलं श्रेष्ठं मूलविरेचने । प्रधान तिल्वकस्त्वक्षु फलेष्वपि हरीतकी ॥ २ ॥
तलेष्वेरण्डजं तैलं स्वरसे कारवेल्लिका । सुधापयः पयःसूक्तमिति प्राधान्यसंग्रहः ॥ तेषां विधानं वक्ष्यामि यथावदनुपूर्वशः ॥ ३ ॥ ।।
Metrical Texts: Of the purgative roots, the roots of reddish Trivrta should be deemed the most effective. The barks of Tilvaka and the fruit known as Haritaki are the most potent of all purgative barks and fruits. Similarly, the oil of castor seeds (Eranda-Taila), the expressed juice of Karavellika and the milky exudations of Sudha plant are the most effective of all such purgative oils, expressed juices and milky exudations of plants, etc. These drugs or substances form the principal purgative remedies (in our pharmacy), and we shall discuss the mode of their administration in successive order. 2-3
वैरेचनद्रव्यरसानुपीतं मूलं महत् त्रैवृतमस्तदोषम् । चूर्णीकृतं सैन्धवनागराढ्यमम्लैः पिबेन्मारुतरोगजुष्टः ।। ४ ।।
इक्षोर्विकारैर्मधुरै रसैस्तत् पैत्ते गदे क्षीरयुतं पिबेद् वा । गुडूच्यरिष्टत्रिफलारसेन सव्योषमूत्रं कफजे पिबेत् तत् । ।५ ।।
A purgative remedy consisting of the sound and matured roots of Trivrt soaked in the expressed juice of the principal purgative drugs and subsequently pulverised and mixed with a considerable quantity of Saindhava salt and powdered Nagara, should be administered through the medium of curd or sour rice gruel, etc. to a patient, suffering from a disease due to the derangement of the bodily Vayu. The same powder mixed with modification of sugar-cane juice (such as treacle, sugar etc.), or with decoctions of drugs belonging to the Madhuradi group (Kakolyadi-gana), or with milk, should be prescribed for a patient laid up with Pittaja distemper. In diseases due to the deranged action of the Kapha the same powder should be administered with a decoction of Guduci, Arista or Triphala, or with the addition of pulverised Vyosa and cow’s urine. 4-5
त्रिवर्णकत्र्यूषणयुक्तमेतद्गुडेन लिह्यादनवेन चूर्णम् । प्रस्थे च तन्मूलरसस्य दत्वा तन्मूलकल्कं कुडवप्रमाणम् ।।६।।
कर्षोन्मिते सैन्धवनागरे च विपाच्य कल्कीकृतमेतदद्यात् । तत्कल्कभागः समहौषधार्द्धः ससैन्धवो मूत्रयुतश्च पेयः ।।७।।
समास्त्रिवृनागरकाभयाः स्युर्भागार्द्धकं पूगफलं सुपक्वम् । विडङ्गसारो मरिचं सदारुयोगः ससिन्धूदभवमूत्रयुक्तः।।८।।
One part of the same powder Trivrta, mixed with one part of old treacle and the drugs known as Trivarnaka, and Tryusana, should be administered for purgative purposes in a disease (due to the concerted action of the deranged Vayu and Kapha). As an alternative, a Prastha mea sure (two seers) of the decoction of the Trivrta roots, mixed with a Kudava measure (half a seer) of their paste, and a Karsa (two tolas) weight of Saindhava salt and Nagara, and boiled together, and then formed into a condensed compound should be used; or one part of the paste of the same roots, mixed with half a part each of rock-salt and powdered Nagara, should be administered through the vehicle of cow’s urine. A compound consisting of one part of each of the following drugs viz. powdered Trivrta roots, Nagara and Haritaki, and a half part of each of such drugs as powdered Marica, Devadaru, Vidanga and ripe Puga nuts, mixed with rock-salt, and administered through the medium of cow’s urine, should be considered as an effective purgative (in diseases of whatsoever type). 6-8
विरेचनद्रव्यभवन्तु चूर्णं रसेन तेषां भिषजा विमृद्य । तन्मूलसिद्धेन च सर्पिषाक्तं सेव्यं तदाज्ये गुटिकीकृतञ्च ॥ ९ ॥
गुडे च पाकाभिमुखे निधाय चूर्णीकृतं सम्यगिदं विपाच्य | शीतं त्रिजाताक्तमथो विमृद्य योगानुरूपा गुटिकाः प्रयोज्याः ।।१०।।
Powders of purgative drugs taken in adequate measures and soaked in their own juice should be boiled with their roots and made into pills (Gutika) with clarified butter and administered as occasion would arise. As an alternative, powders of purgative drugs pasted with clarified butter boiled with their roots should be made into boluses, and the intelligent physician should administer them through the medium of clarified butter, prepared as above, whenever necessary. A quantity’ of treacle should be kept boiling over an oven, and a (half part) of the puverised purgative roots should be cast into it, a little before it is completely boiled. Then the basin should be taken off the fire, and powders of aromatic drugs known as Trijata strewn over it, and the compound subsequently made into boluses (Gutika) of adequate size according to the requirements of the case under treatment. 9-10
वैरेकीयद्रव्यचूर्णस्य भागं सिद्धं सार्द्धं क्वाथभागैश्चतुर्भिः । आमृद्गीयात् सर्पिषा तच्छृतेन तत्क्वाथोष्मस्वेदितं सामितञ्च ।।११।।
पाकप्राप्ते फाणिते चूर्णितं तत् क्षिप्तं पक्वञ्चावतार्य प्रयत्नात् । शीतीभूता मोदका ह्रद्यगन्धाः कार्यास्त्वेते भक्ष्यकल्पाः समासात् ।।१२।।
One part of any of the pulverised purgative drugs (such as the Trivrta roots, etc.) should be boiled with four parts of their own decoction, and one part of powdered wheat steamed in the fumes of a separate quantity of a similar boiling decoction, should be pounded with a quantity of clarified butter boiled and prepared with the same decoction. Then having cooked a quantity of thin treacle in a separate
1. The quantity of old treacle should be equal to the aggregate weight of the other drugs in the compound under similar circumstances.
utensil, powders of wheat and purgative drugs prepared as above, should be cast into it, immediately before being completely cooked, and the vessel should be taken down from the oven and allowed to cool. Then this confection (Modaka) should be perfumed with aromatic drugs and regarded as ready for use. In short, this purgative Modaka is good food as well. 11-12
रसेन तेषां परिभाव्य मुद्गान् यूष: ससिन्धूद्भवसर्पिरिष्टः । वैरेचनेऽन्यैरपि वैदलैः स्यादेवं विदध्याद् वमनौषधैश्च ।।१३।।
Purgative preparations of Mudga, etc.: The soup of Mudga pulse saturated with the decoction of a purgative drug, and taken with clarified butter and rock salt, acts as a good purgative as well. Similarly, soups of other pulses (such as the Masura, etc.) soaked in a decoction of any of the purgative drugs and drunk with the aforesaid adjuvants, exert purgative virtues. Drugs possessed of emetic properties may be used through the preceding media of pulse-soups as well. 13 भित्त्वा द्विघेक्षं परिलिप्य कल्कैस्त्रिभण्डिजातैः प्रतिबध्य रज्ज्वा । सुशीतम् ।।१४।।
पक्वञ्च सम्यक् पुटपाकयुक्त्या खादेत् तु तं पित्तगदी
A bit of sugar-cane should be longitudinally split, and then paste of Tribhandi should be placed in its middle; then it should be tied up (with the blades of Kusa grass), and plastered over with a coat of clay, and inserted in a gentle fire of dung cake. After that, it should be taken out of the fire, fully roasted; the juice squeezed out and cooled, would prove a good purgative to a patient laid up with a Pittaja distemper. 14
सिताजगन्धात्वक्क्षीरी – विदारीत्रिवृतः समाः । लिह्यान्मधुघृताभ्यान्तु तड्दाहज्वरशान्तये ।। १५ ।।
A compound consisting of equal parts of sugar and powdered Ajagandha, Tvakksiri, Vidari and Trivrt and licked with honey and clarified butter, proves curative in a fever with thirst and burning sensation of the body. 15
शर्कराक्षौद्रसंयुक्तं त्रिवृच्चूर्णावचूर्णितम् । रेचनं सुकुमाराणां त्वक्पत्रमरिचांशकम् । । १६ ।।
A compound consisting of one part of pulverised Trivrta and a quarter part each of the drugs known as Tvak, Patra and Marica, and administered with an adequate quantity of honey and sugar, should be regarded as a good purgative for delicate persons. 16
पचेल्लेहं सिताक्षौद्रं पलार्द्धकुडवान्वितम् । त्रिवृच्चूर्णयुतं शीतं पित्तघ्नं तद्विरेचनम् ।।१७।।
A Pala weight of sugar should be boiled with a half Kudava weight of honey, and Trivrta powders to the weight of a quarter part (of the combined weight of honey and sugar) should be added to the boiling compound at the later part of the cooking. The remedy should be administered cool, and looked upon as a good purger of Pitta. 17
त्रिवृच्छयामाक्षारशुण्ठी- पिप्पलीर्मधुनाप्नुयात् । सर्वश्लेष्मविकाराणां श्रेष्ठमेतद् विरेचनम् ।।१८ ।।
A compound consisting of equal parts of powdered Trivita, Syama (Vriddha-Daraka), Yavaksara, Sunthi and Pippali and taken with honey, acts as one of the most effective purgatives in diseases due to the action of the deranged Kapha. 18
बीजाढ्यपथ्याकाश्मर्य-धात्रीदाडिमकोलजान्। तैलभृष्टान् रसानम्लफलैरावाप्य साधयेत् ।।१९।।
घनीभूतं त्रिसौगन्ध्यं त्रिवृत्क्षौद्रसमन्वितम् । लेह्यमेतत् कफप्रायैः सुकुमारैर्विरेचनम् ॥ २० ॥
Over-ripe Pathya Kasmari, Dhatri, Dadima and Kola fruit taken with their seeds or stones, should be boiled (with a quantity of water weighing sixteen times their combined weight). The decoction thus obtained should be boiled with (castor) oil and the juice of Amlaphala etc. (to the weight of a quarter part thereof), should be added to it. The whole should be boiled together until reduced to a considerable consistence. The powders of the three aromatic drugs (Trisaugandhya) and Trivrta¹ should be then added to it, which should be administered to a patient as an electuary with honey. This remedy will prove a good purgative in respect of a delicate person of Kaphaja temperament. 19-20
नीलीतुल्यं त्वगेलञ्च तैस्त्रिवृत् ससितोपला । चूर्णं सन्तर्पणं क्षौद्रफलाम्लं सन्निपातनुत् ॥ २१ ॥
1. The weight of honey and pulverised Trvrta should be equal to a fourth part of the entire quantity of medicine taken at a time.
A compound, consisting of one part of powdered Nili fruit, one part of powdered Tvak and Ela, and two parts of pulverised Trivrta and mixed with an adequate quantity of sugar, and taken with honey and the juice of Amlaphala, should be regarded as a purgative remedy possessed of the virtue of destroying the concerted action of the three deranged humours of the body. 21
त्रिवृच्छयामासिताकृष्णा- त्रिफलामाक्षिकैः समैः । मोदकाः सन्निपातोर्ध्व-रक्तपित्तज्वरापहाः।।२२।।
A compound, consisting of equal parts of powdered Trivrta, Syama (Vriddhadaraka), Pippali and Triphala and made into a confection (Modaka) (with the addition of honey and sugar), should be regarded as one of the most potent cures (purgatives) for Sannipata (simultaneous derangement of the three vital humours), haemoptysis and fever. 22
त्रिवृद्भागास्त्रयः प्रोक्तास्त्रिफला तत्समा तथा । क्षारकृष्णाविडङ्गानि सञ्चूर्ण्य मधुसर्पिषा ।
लिह्याद्गुडेन गटिकां कृत्वा वाऽप्यथ भक्षयेत् ||२३||
कफवातकृतान् गुल्मान् प्लीहोदरहलीमकान् । हन्त्यन्यानपि चाप्येतन्निरपायं विरेचनम् ॥ ॥ २४ ॥
चूर्णं श्यामात्रिवृन्नीली कट्वी मुस्ता दुरालभा । चव्येन्द्रबीजं त्रिफला सर्पिर्मांसरम्णम्बुभिः । पीतं विरेचनं तद्धि रुक्षाणामरि ॥ २५ ॥
A compound consisting of three parts of Trivrta, one part of Triphala, one of Yavaksara one of Krsna Pippali and one of Vidanga, pounded together and used as an electuary with the addition of honey and clarified butter, or made into boluses (Gutika) with treacle, proves curative in cases of enlarged spleen, in Gulmas due to the action of the deranged Kapha and Vayu, in Halimaka (Chlorosis), as well as in cases of abdominal dropsy, etc. The present remedy (purgative) is one of the most harmless purgative compounds (of our pharmacopoeia). Apurgative compound consisting of Syama (Vriddhadaraka), Trivrta, Nili, Katvi, Musta, Duralabha, Cavya, Indra-yava and Triphala, administered through the vehicle of clarified butter, essence of meat, or water, is commended to persons of dry temperament. 23-25
वैरेचनिकनिःक्वाथभागाः शीतास्त्रयो मताः । द्वौ फाणितस्य तच्चापि पुनरग्नावधिश्रयेत् ॥ २६ ॥
तत् साधुसिद्धं विज्ञाय शीतं कृत्वा निधापयेत् । कलसे कृतसंस्कारे विभज्य हिमाहिमौ ॥ २७ ॥
मासादूर्ध्वं जातरसं मधुगन्धं वरासवम् । पिबेदसावेव विधिः क्षारमूत्रासवेष्वपि ।। २८ ।।
Preparations of Purgative Asavas ( Wines ) : All purgative drugs¹ should be duly boiled in water. Three parts of the decoction thus prepared should be mixed with two parts of cold powdered barley Phanita and again boiled over a fire. Then after boiling it, it should be taken down from the oven, cooled and poured into a pitcher previously coated inside with a special plaster. Then according to the difference of the season (cold or hot), the pitcher should be kept buried in a heap of paddy for a monh, or a fortnight. It should be taken out and understood to be ready for use as soon as it would emit a winy or fermented odour. Asavas (fermenting liquours) of animal urines and alkaline substances should be likewise prepared in the foregoing manner. 26-28
वैरेचनिकमूलानां क्वाथे माषान् सुभावितान् । सुधौतांस्तत्कषायेण शालीनाञ्चापि तण्डुलान् ।।२९ ।।
अवक्षुद्यैकतः पिण्डान् कृत्वा शुष्कान् सुचूर्णितान् । शालितण्डुलचूर्णञ्च तत्कषायोष्मसाधितम्।।३०।।
तस्य पिष्टस्य भागांस्त्रीन् किण्वभागविमिश्रितान् । मण्डोदकार्थे क्वाथञ्च दद्यात् तत् सर्वमेकतः ।। ३१ ।।
निदध्यात् कलसे तान्तु सुरां जातरसां पिबेत् । एष एव सुराकल्पो वमनेष्वपि कीर्त्तितः ॥ ३२ ॥
Preparations of purgative rice Sura ( Wines) etc. : Quantities of Masa pulse and Sali rice should be respectively first soaked and
1. Several authorities exclude the plant known as Sudha (Manasa), while others stick to Trivna alone in exclusion of all other drugs.
2. A new earthen pitcher is first washed with water and dried in the shade. Then its inside is coated with a plaster of honey and powdered Pippali and is fumigated with the fumes of Aguru (Eagle wood).
washed in a decoction of purgative roots. Then they should be dried and pounded together and made into balls, which should be subsequently dried in the sun and again pulverised.¹ After that a separate quantity of Sali rice steamed in the vapours of the aforesaid decoction, and kept apart, should be made into cakes. Then three parts of these cakes shoud be mixed with one part of the aforesaid powdered ball. The compound thus obtained should be soaked in an adequate quantity of that purgative decoction previously kept apart in an earthen pitcher of the plastered type, described before. The Sura should be deemed ready for use, as soon as it would emit the peculiar honey-like smell. Suras of emetic drugs should be likewise made in the same manner. 29-32
मूलानि त्रिवृदादीनां प्रथमस्य गणस्य च । महत: पञ्चमूलस्य मूर्वाशार्ङ्गष्टयोरपि ।।३३।
त्रिफलातिविषे वचाम्। सुधां हैमवतीञ्चैव भागौ कुर्यान्निःक्वाथमेकस्मिन्नेकस्मिंश्चूर्णमेव
क्षुण्णांस्तस्मिंस्तु निःक्वाथे भावयेद् बहुशो यवान् । ।३५ ।। द्वौ कारयेदेकमेतयोः ।।३४।।
तु। संहृत्यैतानि शुष्काणां मृदुभृष्टानां तेषां भागास्त्रयो मताः ।
चतुर्थं भागमावाप्य चूर्णानामत्र कीर्त्तितम्प्र क्षिप्य कलसे सम्यक् समस्तं ।। ३६ ।।
तेषामेव कषायेण शीतलेन तदनन्तरम् । सुयोजितम् । पूर्ववत् सन्निदध्यात् तु ज्ञेयं सौवीरकं हि तत् ॥३७॥
Preparations of purgative Sauvirakas (Barley Wines): Trivrta roots and drugs belonging to the groups of Vidarigandha and major Pancamula, as well as Murva, Sarngasta, Sudha, Haimavati, Triphala, Ativisa and Vaca should be mixed together and then set apart in two equal parts. A decoction should be made of one of them, while the other should be reduced to a state of powder. After that, a quantity of well thrashed and huskless barley should be soaked in the aforesaid decoction for seven days, and should be subsquently dried and fried a little. Then three parts of the latter and one part of the aforesaid
1. For imparting to it the necessary Enzyme.
powder (powdered Trivrta roots etc.) should be mixed together and soaked in the aforesaid cold decoction of those drugs. The mixture should be then kept into an earthen pitcher of the foregoing type and administered in adequate doses as soon as the characteristic winy smell of the mixture (Jatarasa) would be detected. The preparation is called the purgative Sauviraka. 33-37
पूर्वोक्तं वर्गमाहृत्य द्विधा कृत्वैकमेतयोः । भागं संक्षुद्य संसृज्य यवान् स्थाल्यामधिश्रयेत् । ।३८ ।।
अजश्रृङ्गयाः कषायेण तमभ्यासिच्य साधयेत् । सुसिद्धांश्चावतायैतानौषधिभ्यो विवेचयेत् ।।३९ ।।
विमृद्य सतुषान् सम्यक् ततस्तान् पूर्ववन्मितान् । पूर्वोक्तौषधभागस्य चूर्णं दत्त्वा तु पूर्ववत् ॥ ४० ॥
तेनैव सह यूषेण कलसे पूर्ववत् क्षिपेत् । ज्ञात्वा जातरसञ्चापि तत् तुषोदकमादिशेत् ॥४१॥
तुषाम्बुसौवीरकयोर्विधिरेष प्रकीर्त्तितः । षडूरात्रात् सप्तरात्राद् वा ते च पेये प्रकीर्त्तिते ॥ ४२ ॥
वैरेचनेषु द्रव्येषु त्रिवृन्मूलविधिः स्मृतः ।।४३।।
Preparations of purgative Tusodaka (fermented liquors of barley with husks): The drugs enumerated in connection with the foregoing preparation should be mixed together and divided in halves and kept in two separate vessels. One half of the mixture should be well-thrashed and tied up in a piece of clean linen with a quantity of unthrashed barley in husks and should be boiled with a decoction of Ajasngi in a separate basin. Then barley in husks should be separated from the rest of the components of the mixture after it has been throughly cooked. Then three parts of these barley grains subsequently thrashed should be again soaked in their decoction, and a fourth part of the aforesaid pulverised drugs (such as the roots of Trivrta, etc.) should be added to it, and the entire mixture should be kept in an earthen pitcher of the before mentioned type. This preparation is called Tusodaka (lit: Washings of husks) and should be used as soon as the characteristic smell of fermentation (Jatarasa) would be emitted from the pitcher. The processes of preparing Sauviraka and Tusodaka have been described. They should be used after the expiry of six or seven nights from the date of their being in the pitcher.
The rules and processess regarding the preparation of Trivita compounds hold good in cases of similar preparations made of the rest of purgative drugs (such as, Danti, Dravanti, etc.). 38-43
दन्तीद्रवन्त्योर्मूलानि पिप्पलीक्षौद्रयुक्तानि स्विन्नान्युद्धृत्य शोषयेत् । विशेषान्मृत्कुशान्तरे । ततस्त्रिवृद्विधानेन योजयेत् श्लेष्मपित्तयोः ।।४४
तयोः कल्ककषायाभ्यां चक्रतैलं विपाचयेत् । सर्पिच पक्वं वीसर्प- कक्षादाहालजीर्जयेत् ॥ ४५ ॥
मेहगुल्मानिलश्लेष्म-विबन्धस्तैलमेव च।।४६ ।।
चतुःस्नेहं शकृच्छुक्र-वातसंरोधजा रुजाः ।।४७।।
The roots of Danti and Dravanti should be first pulled up and collected, after which they should be dried in the sun. After that, they should be mixed with honey and pasted Pippali and placed in a box of Kusa grass firmly tied up and plastered with a layer of clay. The box should be put into a fire of dried cow dung cakes. The compound inside the plastered grass box should be cooked according to the process of Putapaka, and should be taken out and used in diseases due to the action of the deranged Kapha and Pitta and in combination and through vehicles described in connection with the purgative compounds of Trivrta.
Pastes (Kalkas) and decoctions of Danti and Dravanti should be boiled with clarified butter, and Cakra Taila (sesamum oil pressed in an oil mill). The clarified butter, thus cooked and prepared, would prove curative in cases of Erysipelas Kaksa burning sensation of the body and Alaji, while cases of Meha, Gulma, retention of flatus, (kapha) and obstruction of the bowels would prove amenable to the oil above described. Diseases due to the retention of urine, semen and Vayu or fecal matter readily yield to one of the four oily substances (Catuh-sneha, oil, clarified butter, lard and marrow) cooked and prepared with the paste and decoction of Danti and Dravanti. 44-47
दन्तीद्रवन्तीमरिच – कनकाह्वयवा सकैः । विश्वभेषजमृद्वीका-चित्रकैर्मूत्रभा वितैः ।।४८ ।।
सप्ताहं सर्पिषा चूर्णं योज्यमेतद् विरेचनम् ।
जीर्णे सन्तर्पणं क्षौद्रं पित्तश्लेष्मरुजापहम् । अजीर्णपार्श्वरुपाण्डु- प्लीहोदरनिबर्हणम् ।।४९ ।।
A compound consisting of Danti, Dravanti, Marica, Kanakahva, Yavasaka, Visva bhesaja, Mrdvika, and Cittraka powdered together and successively soaked in cow’s urine for seven days, should be administered for purgative purposes, through the medium of clarified butter. A diet of powdered barley, stirred in honey, should be given to the patient after the assimilation of the above said medicine. Diseases such as indigestion, pain at the sides, jaundice, enlargement of the spleen as well as those due to the combined action of the deranged Kapha and Pitta readily yield to the curative efficacy of this purgative remedy. 48-49
गुडस्याष्टपले पथ्या विंशतिः स्युः पलं पलम् । दन्तीचित्रकयोः कर्षो पिप्पलीत्रिवृतोर्दश । ॥ ५० ॥
कृत्वैतान् मोदकानेकं दशमे दशमेऽहनि । ततः खादेदुष्णतोय-सेवी निर्यन्त्रणास्त्विमे ।
दोषघ्ना ग्रहणीपाण्डु-रोगार्शः कुष्ठनाशनाः ।।५१ ।।
Twenty pulverised Pathyas mixed with the powders of Danti and Citraka roots, each weighing a Pala in weight, as well as with two tola weights each of powdered Pippali and Trivrta should be cooked with eight pala weights of treacle. The compound thus prepared should be made into ten large balls of confection (Modaka), each of which should be taken on every tenth day. Warm water should be used for drinking and bathing purposes while using the medicine, which does not entail any strict regimen of conduct (as non-exposure to cold wind, etc.). It proves curative in dysentery, jaundice, pile and cutaneous affections and subdues the three deranged humours of the body. 50-51
व्योषं त्रिजातकं मुस्ता विडङ्गामलके तथा । नवैतानि समांशानि त्रिवृदष्टगुणानि वै॥५२॥
श्लक्ष्णचूर्णीकृतानीह दन्तीभागद्वयन्तथा । सर्वाणि चूर्णितानीह गालितानि विमिश्रयेत् ॥५३॥
षड्भिश्च शर्कराभागैरीषत्सैन्धवमाक्षिकैः । पिण्डितं भक्षयित्वा तु ततः शीताम्बु पाययेत्।।५४।।
बस्तिरुक्तडूज्वरच्छर्द्दि-शोषपाण्डुभ्रमापहम् निर्यन्त्रणमिदं सर्वं विषघ्नन्तु विरेचनम् ।।५५ ।।
त्रिवृदष्टकसंज्ञोऽयं प्रशस्तः पित्तरोगिणाम् । भक्ष्यः क्षीरानुपानो वा पित्तश्लेष्मातुरैर्नरैः । भक्ष्यरूपसधर्मत्वादाढचेष्वेव विधीयते ।।५६ ।।
Trivrdastaka: The nine following drugs, viz. Trikatu, Trjataka, Musta, Vidanga and Amalaka taken in equal parts, and eight parts of Trivrta, and two parts of Danti roots should be separately pulverised and sieved through a piece of thin linen. The powders thus prepared should be pounded together and mixed with six parts of sugar and little quantity of honey and rock salt. Cold water should be given to the patient after he had taken the medicine, which proves curative in colic pain in the bladder ( Basti – sula), thirst, fever, vomiting, anasarca Sotha, chlorosis and vertigo. It does not entail any strict regimen of conduct like other purgatives and acts as a good eliminator of poison. The compound is called the Trivrdastaka and is specially recommended in Pittaja affection. Persons, suffering from diseases due to the action of the deranged Pitta and Kapha, should take the medicine through the vehicle of milk. The medicine should be prescribed for rich persons, owing to its dietetic character. 52-56
तिल्वकस्य त्वचं बाह्यामन्तर्वल्कविवर्जिताम् । चूर्णयित्वा तु द्वौ भागौ तत्कषायेण गालयेत् ॥५७ ॥
तृतीयं भावितं तेन भागं शुष्कन्तु भावितम् । दशमूलीकषायेण त्रिवृद्वत् संप्रयोजयेत् ||५८ ॥
Purgative barks: The external skin of the Lodhra bark, to the exclusion of its inner lining, should be taken and pulverised. The powder, thus prepared, should be divided into three equal parts, two of which should be soaked in a decoction of the same (Lodhra) bark and filtered twenty-one times according to the process laid down in connection with preparation of alkalis. The remaining third part of the powders should be soaked in the aforesaid filtered decoction and
1. The term little Isat in the present instance stands for a quarter part.
subsequently dried in the sun, and again soaked in a decoction of the drugs, which collectively go by the name of Dasamula. The medicine should be prescribed in forms ( wines, electuaries, etc.) previously described in connection with the Trivrta compounds. 57-58
विधानं त्वक्षु निर्दिष्टं फलानामथ वक्ष्यते । हरीतक्याः फलन्त्वस्थि-वियुक्तं दोषवर्जितम् ॥५९ ।।
योज्यं त्रिवृद्विधानेन सर्वव्याधिनिबर्हणम्। रसायनं परं मेध्यं दुष्टान्तव्रणशोधनम् ।।६० ।।
हरीतकी विडङ्गानि सैन्धवं नागरं त्रिवृत् मरिचानि च तत् सर्वं गोमूत्रेण विरेचनम् ।। ६१ ।।
हरीतकी भद्रदारु कुष्ठं पूगफलं तथा । सैन्धवं श्रृङ्गवेरञ्च गोमूत्रेण विरेचनम् ।। ६२ ।।
नीलिनीफलचूर्णञ्च नागराभययोस्तथा । लिह्याद् गुडेन सलिलं पश्चादुष्णं पिबेन्नरः ॥६३ ॥
पिप्पल्यादिकषायेण पिबेत् पिष्टां हरीतकीम् । सैन्धवोपहितां सद्य एष योगो विरेचयेत् ॥६४ ॥
The mode of preparing and administering purgative medicines out of barks endued with similar virtues has been described. We shall presently deal with those made with purgative fruits.
Fruit Purgatives: Sound and stoneless Haritakis administered in the way of Trivrta compounds prove curative in all forms of disease and in malignant sores and internal abscesses. They are the best of elixirs and improve the intellectual faculties. Haritaki and Vidanga, as well as rock salt, Nagara, Trivrta and Marica mixed in equal parts and taken with cow’s urine, act as good purgatives. Similarly, powders of Haritaki, Bhadra-daru, Kustha, Puga-phala, Saindhava salt and Smgavera, taken through the medium of cow’s urine, act as good purgative. For purgative purposes, a man should lick a compound consisting of the powders of Nilini fruits, Nagara, Abhaya and treacle and subsequently drink a good draught of warm water. A compound composed of Haritakis pasted with a decoction of the drugs constituting the group of Pippalyadi and bit of Saindhava salt, exerts an instantaneous purgative action. 59-64
हरीतकी भक्ष्यमाणा नागरेण गुडेन वा सैन्धवोपहिता वापि सातत्येनाग्निदीपनी ।। ६५ ।।
वातानुलोमनी वृष्या चेन्द्रियाणां प्रसादनी । सन्तर्पणकृतान् रोगान् प्रायो हन्ति हरीतकी ।। ६६ ।।
शीतमामलकं विभीतकमनुष्णन्तु त्रीण्यप्यम्लकषायाणि रुक्षं पित्तमेदःकफापहम् । कफपित्तनिबर्हणम्।।६७ ।।
सतिक्तमधुराणि च। त्रिफला सर्वरोगघ्नी त्रिभागघृतमूर्च्छिता ।।६८ ।।
वयसः स्थापनञ्चापि कुर्यात् संततसेविता । हरीतकीविधानेन फलान्येवं प्रयोजयेत् ।।६९ ।।
Haritakis eaten with Nagar or treacle and with a bit of rock salt added to it, is an excellent stomachic. The specific virtue of Haritaki consists in restoring the normal condition of the bodily Vayu (laxative), in rejuvenating an used up or exhausted frame, and in soothingly invigorating the sense organs. Haritaki destroys all diseases, which are due to the use of sweet or richly cooked dishes (Santarpana) such as, thirst, etc. Amalaka is cooling, and refrigerent; it subdues Pitta and Kapha and is antifat in its virtues. Vibhitaka is cooling, it subdues Pitta and Kapha. The group of medicinal fruits known as the Triphala consists of Haritaki, Amalaka and Vibhitaka, which are collectively marked by an acid-astringent taste with a shade of bitter and sweet. Powdered Triphala regularly taken with clarified butter of a three quarter part of its own weight acts as a regular panacea and is endued with a rejuvenating virtue. 65-69
विरेचनानि सर्वाणि विशेषाच्चतुरङ्गुलात् । फलं काले समुद्धृत्य सिकतायां निधापयेत् ।।७०।।
सप्ताहमातपे शुष्कं ततो मज्जानमुद्धरेत् । तैलं ग्राह्यं जले पक्त्वा तिलवद् वा प्रपीड्य च ।।७१ ।।
तस्योपयोगो बालानां याववर्षाणि द्वादश । लिह्यादेरण्डतैलेन कुष्ठत्रिकटुकान्वितम् ॥७२॥
सुखोदकञ्चानुपिबेद् एष योगो विरेचयेत् । एरण्डतैलं त्रिफला-क्वाथेन त्रि- (द्वि)-गुणेन तु॥७३॥
युक्तं पीतं तथा क्षीर-रसाभ्यान्तु विरेचयेत् । बालवृद्धक्षतक्षीण-सुकुमारेषु योजितम् ।।७४ ।।
All fruits possessed of purgative properties, should be used in the manner described in connection with Haritaki with the exception of Caturangulas. The Caturangula fruit should be collected in the proper season, and then kept buried for a week in a bed of sand. After that, they should be unearthed and dried in the sun, and their stones or seeds (lit. marrow) should be taken out. Then the essential oil of the seeds should be extracted by pressing them in an oil-mill like the seeds of sesamum, or by boiling them with water ( hot expression). The oil is a good purgative for a child up to its twefth year.
Hot water taken after having licked a compound consisting of Castor oil saturated with powdered Kustha and Trikatus, acts as a good purgative. Castor oil taken with a decoction of Triphalas double its own measure, or with milk or extract of meat, acts as a good purgative, which should be prescribed for infants, old men, or persons debilitated from the effects of ulcer cachexia, or of delicate constitution. 70-74
फलानां विधिरुद्दिष्ट: क्षीराणां श्रृणु सुश्रुत । विरेचनानां तीक्ष्णानां पयः सौधं परं मतम् ॥७५ ।।
अज्ञप्रयुक्तं तद्धन्ति विषवत् कर्मविभ्रमात् ।।७६ ।।
विजानता प्रयुक्तन्तु महान्तमपि सञ्चयम् । भिनत्त्याश्वेव दोषाणां रोगान् हन्ति च दुस्तरान् ॥७७॥
I have finished describing the preparation and application of fruit purgatives. Now hear me, O Susruta, discourse on similar milky exudations of plants and trees, etc. which are possessed of purgative properties. The milky juice of a Sudha plant is the strongest of all purgatives, which being imprudently used by a medical ignoramus, may be attended with dangerous consequences, while the same in the hands of a judicious physician proves strong enough to disintegrate a mighty accumulation of deranged humours and to successfully combat many an irremediable distemper. 75-77
महत्याः पञ्चमूल्यास्तु बृहत्योश्चैकशः पृथक् । कषायैः समभागन्तु तदङ्गारैर्विशोषितम् ।
अम्लादिभिः पूर्ववत् तु प्रयोज्यं कोलसम्मितम् ।।७८ ।।
महावृक्षपयः पीतैर्यवागूस्तण्डुलैः कृता । पीता विरेचयत्याशु गुडेनोत्कारिका कृता ।।७९ ।।
लेहो वा साधितः सम्यक् स्नुहीक्षीरपयोघृतैः । भावितास्तु स्नुहीक्षीरे पिप्पल्यो लवणान्विताः।
चूर्णं काम्पिल्लकं वापि तत् पीतं गुटिकीकृतम् ।।८० ।।
One part of the decoction of each of the drugs constituting the group of major Pancamula and Brhati, etc. should be mixed with one part of the milky juice of a Sudha plant (thus forming an eighth part of the whole compound). After having boiled it over a charcoal fire, the compound should be taken with two Tola (kola) weights of any acid liquid (such as wine, sour rice gruel, cream of curd, etc.) in the manner of Trivrta compounds. A gruel made of rice saturated with the milky exudation of a Mahavrksa, or a sweetened, porridge-like preparation of the same substance (Utkarika) made with treacle, should be deemed as possessed of purgative properties. As an alternative, an electuary composed of sugar, clarified butter and the milky juice of a Snuhi plant, should be used for purgative purposes. Powders of Pippali soaked in the milky juice of the same plant should be used with rock salt for moving the bowels. Powdered Kampillaka made into boluses with Snuhi juice may be as well prescribed for the same end. 78-80
सप्तला शङ्खिनी दन्ती त्रिवृदारग्वधं गवाम् । मूत्रैणाप्लाव्य सप्ताहं स्नुहीक्षीरे ततः परम् ।।८१ ।।
कीर्णं तेनैव चूर्णेन माल्यं वसनमेव च । आघ्रायावृत्य वा सम्यङ्मदुकोष्ठो विरिच्यते । । ८२ ।।
क्षीरत्वक्फलमूलानां विधानैः परिकीर्त्तितैः । अवेक्ष्य सम्यग् रोगादीन् यथावदुपयोजयेत् ।।८३ ।।
Powders of Saptala, Sankhini, Danti, Trivrta and kernel of Aragvadha, should be saturated with cow’s urine and then soaked in the milky juice of a Snuhi plant successively for seven consecutive days.’ A smell of the powder thus prepared and strewn over the flowergarlands, and clothes worn by a man whose bowels are easily moved, acts as a mild purgative.
The use and preparation of purgative remedies concocted with roots, barks and milky exudations of plants, etc. have been described, which should be prescribed after carefully considering the nature of the case under treatment and according to their specific indications. 81-83
त्रिवृच्छाणमितास्तिस्रस्तिस्रश्च विडङ्गपिप्पलीक्षार-शाणास्तिस्रश्च लिह्यात् सर्पिर्मधुभ्याञ्च मोदकं वा गुडेन वा । भक्षयेन्निष्परीहारमेतच्छ्रेष्ठविरेचनम् ।।८५।।
गुल्मान् प्लीहोदरं कासं हलीमकमरोचकम् । कफवातकृतांश्चान्यान् व्याधीनेतद् व्यपोहति ।।८६ ।।
घृतेषु तैलेषु पयःसु चापि मद्येषु मूत्रेषु तथा रसेषु । भक्ष्यान्नलेह्येषु च तेषु तेषु विरेचनान्यग्रमतिर्विदध्यात् ।।८७ ।।
क्षीरं रसः कल्कमथो कषायः श्रुतच शीतच तथैव चूर्णम् । कल्पाः षडेते खलु भेषजानां यथोत्तरं ते लघवः प्रदिष्टाः ॥८८ ॥
त्रिफलात्वचः । चूर्णिताः।।८४ ।।
A compound consisting of three Sana weights (one tola and a half) of powdered Trivrta, three Sana weights of powdered Triphala pulp, and three Sana, weights of powdered Vidanga, Pippali and Yavaksara, mixed and pounded together, should be licked with honey and clarified butter, or they should be made into a confection with treacle for purgative purposes. The medicine does not entail any strict regimen of diet and conduct. It is one of the most effective remedies (of our pharmacopoeia) and proves curative in Gulmas, enlargement of the spleen, cough, Halimaka (chlorosis), non-relish for food and in diseases due to the action of the deranged Kapha and Vayu. A wise and intelligent physician should administer purgative medicines through the vehicles of clarified butter, oil milk, Madya (wine) cow’s urine, meat essence, or through the expressed juice of drugs, or through
1. The mode of preparing the porridge is as follows: First the wheat should be saturated with the milky juice of a Maha-Vrksa and then macerated. The powder should be then cooked with milk and treacle and made into a thick porridge.
articles of food, or in forms of electuary. The six kinds of purgatives are the milky exudations, expressed juices, pastes, decoctions, cold infusions and powders of medicinal drugs or herbs, and each of these preceding factors should be deemed stronger than the one immediately following it in the order of enumeration. 84-88
इति सुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने विरेचनद्रव्यविकल्पविज्ञानीयो नाम चतुश्चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः ॥४४॥
Thus ends the forty-fourth Chapter of the Sutrasthana in the Susruta Samhita. which treats of the choice of purgative.
