त्रयोविंशोऽध्यायः
अथातः संतर्पणीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ॥ १ ॥ इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ॥ २ ॥
We shall now expound the chapter on “the Refreshing Regimen”.
Thus said Lord Atreya. [ 1-2 ]
The six devices mentioned in the preceding chapter on “Reducing and Nourishing Therapies” are again to be classified into two groups, viz. refreshing and emaciating. The present chapter deals with this classification.
Disadvantages of taking excessively nourishing diet
स्त्रिग्धैर्मधुरैर्गुरु पिच्छिलैः । मांसैश्चानू पवारिजैः ॥ ३॥ पैष्टिकैश्चातिमात्रशः । यः संतर्पयति नवान्नैर्नव मद्यैश्च गोरसैगडि कैश्चान्नैः चेष्टाद्वेषी दिवास्वप्नशय्यासनसुखे रोगास्तस्योपजायन्ते प्रमेहपिडकाकोठ कण्डूपाण्ड्डामयज्वराः कुष्ठान्यामप्रदोषाञ्च मूत्रकृच्छ्रमरोचकः रतः ॥ ४ ॥ संतर्पणनिमित्तजाः । ॥५॥ । तन्द्रा क्लैव्यमतिस्थौल्यमालस्यं गुरुगात्रता ॥ ६ ॥ इन्द्रियस्रोतसां लेपो बुद्धेर्मोहः शोफाश्चैवंविधाश्चान्ये प्रमीलकः । शीघ्रमप्रतिकुतः ॥ ७ ॥
One who over refreshes himself with unctuous, sweet, heavy and slimy substance, newly harvested rice, fresh wine, meat of marshy and aquatic animals, cow’s milk and its preparations and food preparations made of sugar candy and pastry but is averse to physical exertion, indulges in sleep during daytime, and keeps lying on the bed or sitting at ease all the time-falls a victim to the diseases like obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes, carbuncles, urticaria, itching, pandu ( anemia ), fever, obstinate skin diseases including leprosy, diseases due to ama dysuria, anorexia, drowsiness, sterility, excessive corpulence, laziness, heaviness of the body, adhesion of the channels in sensory organs, delusion, wandering, oedema and such other diseases. Unless the effects of refreshing regimen are neutralised by suitable antidotes, these diseases due to refreshing regimen are bound to occur. [ 3–7 ]
Refreshing regimen does not necessarily consist of unctuous, sweet, heavy and slimy substances. Even non-unctuous substance like roastedgrain-flour is also refreshing in the sense that it brings about satisfaction but it does not result in over corpulence-vide verse 21 of this chapter. One can take recourse to physical exercise even while lying on the bed or sitting. Even such exercises could help in neutralising the effect of over-refreshing regimen.
Management of the diseases caused by over nutrition
च ॥ ८ ॥ शस्त मुल्लेखनं तत्र विरेको रक्तमोक्षणम् । व्यायामश्चोपवासश्च धूमाश्च स्वेदनानि सक्षौद्रश्चाभयाप्राशः प्रायो रूक्षान्नसेवनम् । चूर्णप्रदेहा ये चोक्ताः कण्डूकोठविनाशनाः ॥ ९ ॥ त्रिफलारग्ववं पाठां सप्तपर्ण सवत्सकम् । मुस्तं समदनं निम्बं जलेनोत्कथितं पिवेत् ।। १० ।। तेन मेहादयो यान्ति नाशमभ्यस्यतो ध्रुवम् । मात्राकालप्रयुक्तेन संतर्पणसमुत्थिताः ॥ ११ ॥ मुस्तमारग्वधः पाठा त्रिफला देवदारु च । श्वदंष्ट्रा खदिरो निम्बो हरिद्रे त्वक्च वत्सकात् ॥ १२ ॥ रसमेषां यथादोषं प्रातः प्रातः पिबन्नरः । संतर्पणकृतैः सर्वैर्व्याधिभिः संप्रमुच्यते ॥ १३ ॥ । एभिश्चो द्वर्तनोद्धर्षस्नानयोगोपयोजितैः त्वग्दोषाः प्रशमं यान्ति तथा स्नेहोपसंद्दितैः ॥ १४ ॥ कुष्ठं गोमेदको हिङ्गु क्रौञ्चास्थि त्र्यूषणं वचा । वृषकैले श्वदंष्ट्रा च खराहा चाइमभेदकः ॥ १५ ॥ तक्रेण दधिमण्डेन बदराम्लरसेन मूत्रकृच्छ्रं प्रमेहं च पीतमेतद्व्यपोहति ॥ १६ ॥ तक्राभयाप्रयोगैश्च त्रिफलायास्तथैव च । वा । अरिष्टानां प्रयोगैश्च यान्ति मेहादयः शमम् ॥ १७ ॥ त्र्यूषणं त्रिफला क्षौद्रं क्रिमिनमजमोदकः । मन्थोऽयं सक्तवस्तैलं हितो लोहोदकाप्लुतः ॥ १८ ॥ व्योषं विडङ्गं शित्रूणि त्रिफलां कटुरोहिणीम् । वृहत्यौ द्वे हरिद्रे द्वे पाठामतिविषां स्थिराम् ॥ १९ ॥ हिङ्ग केवुकमूलानि यवानीधान्यचित्रकान् । सौवर्चलमजाजीं च हपुषां चेति चूर्णयेत् ॥ २० ॥ चूर्णतैलघृतक्षौद्रभागाः स्युर्मानतः समाः । ॥ सक्तूनां षोडशगुणो भागः संतर्पणं पिबेत् ॥ २१ प्रमेहा मूढवाताश्च कुष्ठान्यशसि कामलाः ॥ २२ ॥ प्लीहा पाण्ड्डामयः शोफो मूत्रकृच्छ्रमरोचकः । हृद्रोगो राजयक्ष्मा च कासः श्वासो गलग्रहः ॥ २३ ॥ क्रिमयो ग्रहणीदोषाः श्वैत्र्यं स्थौल्यमतीव च । नराणां दीप्यते चाग्निः स्मृतिर्बुद्धिश्च वर्धते ॥ २४ ॥ व्यायामनित्यो जीर्णाशी यवगोधूमभोजनः । संतर्पणकृतैर्दोषैः स्थौल्यं मुक्त्वा विमुच्यते ॥ २५ ॥ उक्तं संतर्पणोत्थानामपतर्पणमौषधम् ।
Diseases like obstinate, urinary disorders, etc. arising out of over-nutrition can be definitely cured by the continued administration of the following in suitable dose and in appropriate time: Emesis, purgation, blood-letting, physical exercise, fasting, smoking, fomentation, intake of Abhaya prasa, Agastyaharitaki, etc. with honey, habitual intake of rough and dry food, application of powders and ointments that are mentioned (in the third chapter of this section) for the cure of pruritus, urticaria and intake of the decoction of triphala ( Terminalia chebula Linn. Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.), patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris R. Br), vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.), musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), madna (Randia dumetorum Lam.), and nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.),
One can be cured of all diseases by over-refreshing regimen if he takes every morning the juice (decoction) of musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.), aragvadha ( Cassia fistula Linn. ), patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), triphala ( Terminalia chebula Linn, Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn ), devadaru (Cedrus deodara Loud. ), svadamstra (Trinbulus terrestris Linn.), khadira (Acacia catechu Willd, ), nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), haridra ( Curcuma longa Linn. ), daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC.) and the skin of vatsaka (Holarrhena antidyse-nterica Wall.)
The above mentioned drugs mixed with some unctuous substance and applied as unction with or without massage or as bath cure skin diseases.
Kustha (Saussureu lappa C. B. Clarke), gomedaka (onyx ). hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss.), bone of kraunca (domoisella crane), Sunthi (Zingiber officinalis Rosc. ), pippali ( Piper longum Linn.), marica (Piper nigrum Linn.), vaca (Acorus calamns Linn, ), vasa (Adhatoda vasica Nees), ela (Elettaria cardamomum Maton. ), goksura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.), kharahva (Trachyspermum roxburghianum), asmabheda ( Bergenia ligulata Engl. )-these drugs mixed with butter milk, whey and the juice of sour type of badara (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.) when taken, cure dysuria and obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus.
By the administration of haritaki (Terminalia chebula Linn.), with butter milk; triphala ( Terminalia chebula Linn., Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) and aristas (different types of alcoholic preparation ), obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus and such other diseases are cured.
Mantha (thin gruel) prepared of trikatu (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn.), triphala ( Terminalia chebula Linn., Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), honey, vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm f.), ajamoda (Trachy-spermum roxburghianum), roasted corn flour, oil and the decoction of agaru ( Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) help to cure the diseases due to over-nourishment.
Trikatu (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn.), vidanga ( Embelia ribes Burm. f.), varieties of sigru (Moringa olefera Lam.), triphala (Terminalia chebula Linn., Terminalia belaerica Roxb., and Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Katurohini (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.), brihati (Solanum indicum Linn.), kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. ), haridra ( Curcuma longa Linn.), daruharidra ( Berberis aristata D. C. ), two varietis of patha (Cissampelos pareira Linn.), ativisa ( Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.), salaparni ( Desmodium gangeticum DC. ), hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss.), root of kebuka (?), yavani (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague), dhanya (Coriandrum sativum Linn.), chitraka ( Plumbago zeylanica Linn. ), sonchal salt, ajaji ( Cuminum cyminum Linn.), and hapusa ( Juniperus communis Linn.)-the receipe prepared with the powder of these drugs along with equal quantity of the each of oil, ghee and honey added with sixteen times of roasted corn flour and water is useful in the treatment of obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus, mudhavata (cluaudication of vata), obstinate skin diseases including leprosy, piles, jaundice, diseases of spleen, anemia, oedema. dysuria, anorexia, heart disease, tuberculosis, cough, dyspnoea, spasmodic obstruction of the throat, parasitic infestation, sprue, leucoderma and over corpulence caused by the nutrition. This also stimulates the power of digestion and enhances memory and intellect.
Individuals desirous of reducing over corpulence should take recourse to habitual exercise, intake of food like barley and wheat only after the digestion of the previous meal.
Thus, the emaciating therapies for the cure of diseases caused by over refreshing regimen have been described. [ 9-25]
The quantity of the drugs mentioned to be used as antidotes for diseases due to over nutrition is to be determined according to the rules to be described later.
Diseases caused by nutritional deficiency
वक्ष्यन्ते सौषधाश्चोर्ध्वमपतर्पणजा गदाः ॥ ३६ ॥ देहाग्निबलवर्णीजःशुक्रमांसपरिक्षयः । ज्वरः कासानुबन्धश्च पार्श्वशूलमरोचकः ॥ २७ ॥ श्रोत्र दौर्बल्यमुन्मादः प्रलापो हृदयव्यथा । विष्मूत्रसंग्रहः शूलं जोरुत्रिकसंश्रयम् ॥ २८ ॥ पर्वास्थिसन्धिभेदश्च ये चान्ये वातजा गदाः । ऊर्ध्ववातादयः सर्वे जायन्ते तेऽपतर्पणात् ॥ २९ ॥ तेषां संतर्पणं तज्जैः पुनराख्यातमौषधम् । यत्तदात्वे समर्थ स्यादभ्यासे वा तदिष्यते ॥ ४० ॥
Diseases caused by the improper use of emaciating regimen along with their treatment are as follows
Emaciation of the body, reduction in the power of digestion, strength, complexion, ojas ( ? ), semen and muscle tissue, continuous fever and cough, pain in chest, anorexia, weakness in the power of hearing sounds, insanity, pain in cardiac region, obstruction to the passage of stool and urine, pain in calf, thigh and lumber regions; cracking pain in fingers, bones and joints, and such other diseases due to the vitiation of vata like urdhvavata ( upward movement of vayu ), etc.
For their treatment, therapies resulting in immediate refreshment in the long_run by habitual use are to be administerd. [26-30]
Urdhvavata mentioned here represents disease like svusa (dyspnoea), etc. in which the vata goes up. However, in other texts, urdhvarata is described to be a disease as follows:
The vita, when obstructed in the lower part of the body by the aggravated kapha, constantly causes eructations; this is known as urdhvavata.
Managament of the patients suffering from nutritional deficiency
सद्यःक्षीणो हि सद्यो वै तर्पणेनोपचीयते । नर्ते संतर्पणाभ्यासाच्चिरक्षीणस्तु पुष्यति ॥ ३१ ॥ देहाग्निदोष भैषज्यमात्राकालानुवर्तिना कार्यमत्वरमाणेन भेषजं । चिरदुर्बले ॥ ३२ ॥ हिता मांसरसास्तस्मै पयांसि च घृतानि च । स्नानानि वस्तयोऽभ्यङ्गास्तर्पणास्तर्पणाश्च ये ॥ ३३ ॥ ज्वरकासप्रसक्तानां कृशानां मूत्रकृच्छ्रिणाम् । तृष्यतामूर्ध्ववातानां वक्ष्यन्ते तर्पणा हिताः ॥ ३४ ॥ शर्करापिप्पली तैलघृतक्षौद्रः समांशकैः । सक्तद्विगुणितो वृष्यस्तेषां मन्थः प्रशस्यते ॥ ३५ ॥ सक्तवो मदिरा क्षौद्रं सर्करा चेति तर्पणम् । पिवेन्मारुतविण्सूत्रकफपित्तानुलोमनम् फाणितं सक्तवः सर्पिर्दधिमण्डोऽम्लकासिकम् । तर्पणं सूत्रकृच्छ्रघ्नमुदावर्तहरं पिवेत् ॥ ३७॥ मन्थः खर्जूरमृद्धीकावृक्षाम्लाम्लीकदाडिमैः । परुषकैः सामलकैर्युक्तो मद्यविकारनुत् ॥ ३८ ॥ ॥ २६ ॥
One suffering from fresh attack of emaciation can soon be cured by the administration of refreshing regimen but one suffering from chronic type of emaciation would require habitual intake of refreshing therapy.
In the cases of patients having chronic type of emaciation, the refreshing therapy should be administered slowly depending upon the physical constitution, power of digestion, doshas vitiated, nature of the therapy, dose, season and time of administration. For such patients, meat-soup, milk and ghee of different animals, dfferent types of bath, enema, massage and nourishing drinks are useful.
For these patients suffering from continuous fever, cough, emaciation, dysuria, thirst and upward movement of vata, the following type of nourishing drink is useful :
Mantha thin gruel prepared of sugar, pippali (Piper longum Linn. ), oil, ghee, honey-all in equal quantity added with double the quantity of roasted corn flour is aphrodisiac and useful for such conditions.
These patients may be given drinks prepared of roasted corn flour, alcohol, honey and sugar which help in elimination of faeces, urine, vayu, kapha and pitta.
The nourishing drink prepared of phanita (a preparation of sugar candy), roasted corn flour, ghee, whey, sour gruel which cures dysuria and udavarta should be given.
Mantha (thin gruel) prepared of date-palm, dry grapes, vrksamla (Garcinia indica Ehois), amlika (Tamarindus indica Linn.), dadima (Punica granatum Linn.), parusaka ( Crewia asiatica Linn.), and amalaki ( Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), are useful for curing alcoholism. [ 31-38]
To the patients suffering from chronic emaciation if refreshing therapy administered all of a sudden, it may suppress the power of digestion. Even though frequently used for nourishing drinks, the word ‘tarpana’ may mean at times such of the drinks as are added with trikatu (Zingiber officinale Rosc., Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn.) which may cause emaciation. Such type of drinks should not be used in the present context. Only such of the ‘tarpana’ preparations as are nourishing and are detailed in sloka No. 35 etc. may be given to the patient. The quantity of ingredients used in sloka number 35 may be followed for the preparation of other nourishing drinks as well.
Recipe for nutrition therapy
स्वादुरम्लो जलकृतः सस्नेहो रूक्ष एव वा । सद्यः सन्तर्पणो मन्थः स्थैर्यवर्णवलप्रदः ॥ ३९ ॥
Mantha prepared of water by adding sweet or sour things like dadima (Punica granatum Linn.) with or without unctuous substance refreshes immediately, and promotes steadiness, complexion and strength. [ 39 ]
Even without any unctuous substance, the mantha (thin gruel) may help immediate nourishment of the body by virtue of its liquidity, coldness and penitrability through all the channels of the body. By adding unctuous substance it may take some time before the refreshing stage is reached.
तत्र श्लोकःसन्तर्पणोत्था ये रोगा रोगा ये चापतर्पणात् । सन्तर्पणीये तेऽध्याये सौषधाः परिकीर्तिताः ॥ ४० ॥
To sum up –
Diseases due to over refreshing and emaciating regime alongwith their management are described in this chapter on “Refreshing Regimen” [ 40 ]
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते लोकस्थाने सन्तर्पणीयो नाम त्रयोविंशोऽध्यायः ॥ २३ ॥
Thus, ends the twenty-third chapter on “Refreshsing Regimen” of the Sutra section of Agnivesa’s work as redacted by Charaka. [ 23 ]
