अथातो भूतविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः । इति ह स्माहुरात्रेयादयो महर्षयः ॥
We shall now expound the chapter called Bhuta vijnaniya-Knowledge of demons: thus said Atreya and other great sages.
लक्षयेज्ज्ञानविज्ञानवाकुचेष्टाबलपौरुषम् । पुरुषेऽपौरुषं यत्र तत्र भूतग्रहं वदेत् ॥ १ ॥
भूतस्य रूपप्रकृतिभाषागत्यादिचेष्टितैः । यस्यानुकारं कुरुते तेनाविष्टं तमादिशेत् ॥ २ ॥ सोऽष्टादशविधो देवदानवादिविभेदतः ।
Observing the non-human charactors in a human being in his qualities/activities such as general knowledge, special knowledge (of science, art, philosophy etc.) speech, physical activities, strength and valour, such as person should be understood as ‘seized by demons.’
The person who imitates in form (appearance), temparament, language (speaking), gait (movements) etc. (other activities) the specific features of any demon, he should be understood as having been seized by that demon. They (bhutas / demon) are of eighteen kinds, such as deva, danava, and other
categories.
Anusanga karana – causes for seizure
हेतुस्तदनुषक्तौ तु सद्यः पूर्वकृतोऽथवा ॥ ३ ॥
प्रज्ञापराध:, सुतरां तेन कामादिजन्मना । लुप्तधर्मव्रताचारः तं तथा भिन्नमर्यादं देवादयोऽप्यनुघ्नन्ति पूज्यानप्यतिवर्तते ॥ ४ ॥
पापमात्मोपघातिनम् । ग्रहाश्छिद्रप्रहारिणः॥ ५॥
The causes for anusanga (seizure by demons) is prajnaparadha-committing of mistakes (transgression of rules, unrighteous behaviour ) either in the present life or in the previous lives, arising from pursuit of kama (desires) etc. (krodha, lobha, moha, mada, matsarya) leading to mistakes in respect of observation of rules of dharma (right conduct), vrata (vows), acara (mode of right living) and reverence even to things/persons deserving worship. Such a person who is a sinner and a destroyer of his own self, gets killed by graha (evil spirits, demons) belonging to the categories of even deva (divine beings) which strike (seize) at the time of chidra (lapse, lacuna, committing mistakes, transgression of rules, misconduct). 3b-5.
Chidra
छिद्रं पापक्रियारम्भः पाकोऽनिष्टस्य कर्मणः । दिग्वासस्त्वं गुरोर्निन्दा रतेरविधिसेवनम् । अशुचेर्देवतार्चादि परसूतकसङ्करः॥७॥ होममन्त्रबलीज्यानां विगुणं परिर्कम च । समासाद्दिनचर्यादिप्रोक्ताचारव्यतिक्रमः
Chidra is (the time of) commencement of sinful acts, effect of maturing undesirable (bad) acts. such as residing/ acting in a place vacated by another person (impostering, pretending as some one else), residing at night in burial ground etc., forbidden places; time of becoming naked; of abusing the preceptor, of copulation in the unlawful/illegal way, worship of gods etc.; of uncleanliness, of touching others during their days of impurity (during which untouchability is to be observed); of improper conduct at fire sacrifice, chanting of sacred hymns, offering oblations (vows, propitiatory rites, charity etc.); to say in brief, actions contrary to all the rules and regimen of good conduct described in 6-8. Dinacarya (adhyaya) chapter 2 of sutrasthana).
Grahana kala – time of seizure
गृह्णन्ति शुक्लप्रतिपत्त्रयोदश्योः सुरा नरम् । शुक्लत्रयोदशीकृष्णद्वादश्योर्दानवा ग्रहाः ॥ ९ ॥
गन्धर्वास्तु चतुर्दश्यां द्वादश्यां चोरगाः पुनः । पञ्चम्यां, शुक्लसप्तम्येकादश्योस्तु धनेश्वराः ॥ १० ॥
शुक्लाष्टपञ्चमीपौर्णमासीषु कृष्णे रक्षः पिशाचाद्या दशामावास्ययोरष्टनवम्योः ब्रह्मराक्षसाः ।
नवद्वादशपर्वसु ॥ ११ ॥ पितरोऽपरे ।
गुरुवृद्धादयः प्रायः कालं सन्ध्यासु लक्षयेत् ॥ १२ ॥
Sura (deva graha) seize on the first and thirteenth days of bright fortnight; danava graha seize on the thirteenth day of the bright fortnight and twelfth day of the dark fortnight, gandharva graha on the fourtheenth day, of the twelfth day; uraga (naga) graha on the fifth day; dhanesvara (kubera) graha on the seventh and eleventh day of the bright fortnight; brahmaraksasa graha on the eighth and fifth day of bright fortnight and also on days of full-moon; raksasa and pisaca grahas on the ninth, twelfth days of dark fortnight and also on parvas (special days such as eclipse, etc.) pitr gra has on the tenth day and day of new-moon; others ( grahas) such as guru, vrddha, etc., on the eighth and ninth days and generally in the evenings. 9-12.
Deva graha purusa
फुल्लपद्मोपममुखं अल्पवाक्स्वेदविण्मूत्रं देवद्विजातिपरमं
सौम्यदृष्टिमकोपनम् । भोजनानभिलाषिणम् ॥ १३ ॥
शुचिं संस्कृतवादिनम् । मीलयन्तं चिरान्नेत्रे सुरभिं वरदायिनम् ॥ १४ ॥
शुक्लमाल्याम्बरसरिच्छैलोच्चभवनप्रियम्च अनिद्रमप्रधृष्यं विद्याद्देववशीकृतम् ।। १५ ।।
(Features of the person seized by deva graha). Face resembling a full blown lotus flower; kind look; not getting angry, less of talk, perspiration, faeces and urine; not craving for food, worshipping gods and the twice born (brahnana), extremely clean, speaks courteously, keeps the eyes closed for long periods, emits pleasant odour, bestows favours, fond of white flowers white cloth, rivers mountains and tall/high buildings, not sleeping (for long time ), not freightening or abusing others-these are the features of the person posseessed by deva graha. 13-15.
Daitya graha justa purusa
जिलदृष्टिं दुरात्मनं गुरुदेवद्विजद्विषम् । निर्भयं मानिनं शूरं क्रोधनं व्यवसायिनम् ॥ १६ ॥ रुद्रः स्कन्दो विशाखोऽहमिन्द्रोऽहमिति वादिनम् । विद्यात् विद्यात् दैत्यग्रहगृहीतकम् ॥ १७ ॥ सुरामांसरुचिं
He who is of irregular vision, bad thoughts and actions, hates preceptors. gods and brahmanas; of fearlessness, pride, courage, anger and constant activities; boasting himself as Rudra, Skanda, Visakha and Indra, fond of sura ( beer / wine ) and meat-should be understood as possessed by daitya graha. 16-17.
Gandharva graha justa purusa
स्वाचारं सुरभिं हृष्टं गीतनर्तनकारिणम् । स्नानोद्यानरुचिं रक्तवस्त्रमाल्यानुलेपनम् ॥ १८ ॥ गन्धर्वाध्युषितं वदेत् । शृङ्गारलीलाभिरतं
The person engaged in good, benevolent activities, emitting good odour, joyous; engaged in singing and dancing, desirous of bathing, found of gardens, red cloth, red flowers and anointing with perfumes and always engaged in mirthful activities-is to be said as possessed by gandharva 18-19a. graha.
Uraga (naga) graha justa purusa
रक्ताक्षं क्रोधनं स्तब्धदृष्टिं वक्रगतिं चलम् ॥ १९ ॥ श्वसन्तमनिशं जिह्वालोलिनं सृक्किणीलिहम् । प्रियदुग्धगुडस्त्रानमधोवदनशायिनम् ॥२०॥ उरगाधिष्ठितं विद्यात्त्रस्यन्तं चातपत्रतः ।
He who has red eyes, angry temperament, fixed vision, irregular and unsteady gait, always breathing heavy, moving the tongue and licking the angles of the mouth, fond of milk, jaggery and bathing; sleeping with his face down and getting frieghtened by umbrella-is to be understood as possessed by uraga (naga) graha. 19b-21a.
Yaksa graha justa purusa
विप्लुतत्रस्तरक्ताक्षं शुभगन्धं सुतेजसम् ॥ २१ ॥ प्रियनृत्यकथागीतस्नानमाल्यानुलेपनम्
मत्स्यमांसरुचिं हृष्टं तुष्टं बलिनमव्यथम् ॥ २२ ॥
चलिताग्रकरं कस्मै किं ददामीति वादिनम् । रहस्यभाषिणं वैद्यद्विजातिपरिभाविनम् ॥ २३ ॥
अल्परोषं द्रुतगतिं विद्याद्यक्षगृहीतकम् ।
The person who has eyes full of tears, fretful and red in colour; body emitting pleasant smell, possessing bright com – plexion; fond of dance, stories, song, bath, garlands, and perfumes, desirous of fish and meat as food; joyous, content, strong, not worrying, his fingers always shaking, always say ing “what (gifts) shall I give, to women shall I give,” etc; speaking secretely, insulting/degrading the physician and brahmana caste; of slight anger and of fast walk-are the featrues of the person seized by yaksa graha. 21b-24a.
Brahma raksasa justa purusa
हास्यनृत्यप्रियं रौद्रचेष्टं छिद्रप्रहारिणम् ॥ २४ ॥
आक्रोशिनं शीघ्रगतिं देवद्विजभिषद्विषम् । आत्मानं काष्ठशस्त्राद्यैघ्नन्तं भोः शब्दवादिनम् ॥ २५ ॥
शास्त्रवेदपठं विद्याद् गृहीतं ब्रह्मराक्षसैः ।
The person who is fond of humour and dance; doing voilent acivities, striking ( punishing ) at the time of committing mistakes; not angry, of quick gait, hates gods, brahmans and bhysicians, kills himself with batons, weapons etc. (injuring himself), uttering sounds like bho etc. ( shouting for help); interested in the study of sciences and Vedas, is to be under stood as possessed by brahma raksasa graha. 24b-26a.
Raksasa graha justa purusa
सक्रोधदृष्टिं भृकुटिमुद्वहन्तं ससंभ्रमम् ॥ २६ ॥
प्रहरन्तं प्रधावन्तं शब्दन्तं भैरवाननम् । अन्नाद्विनाऽपि बलिनं नष्टनिद्रं निशाचरम् ॥ २७ ॥
निर्लज्जमशुचिं शूरं क्रूरं परुषभाषिणम् । रोषणं रक्तमाल्यस्त्रीरक्तमद्यामिषप्रियम् ॥ २८ ॥
दृष्ट्वा च रक्तं मांसं वाऽऽलिहानं दशनच्छदौ । हसन्तमन्नकाले च राक्षसाधिष्ठितं वदेत् ॥ २९ ॥
He who wears an angry look, with beating the brows and voilent movements, hitting others,
running around, making loud sound and terrifying face; strong even though not eating any food, having loss of sleep, moving about at nights; shameless, unclean, valient, cruel, speaking harsh and angry, fond of red coloured garlands and women, of blood, wine and meat as food, licks his lips at the sight of blood or meat, laughs during eating-is to be understood as seized by raksasa graha. 26b-29.
Pisaca graha justa purusa
अस्वस्थचित्तं नैकत्र तिष्ठन्तं पिरिधाविनम् । उच्छिष्टनृत्यगान्धर्वहासमद्यामिषप्रियम् ॥३०॥
निर्भर्त्सनाद्दीनमुखं रुदन्तमनिमित्ततः । नखैर्लिखन्तमात्मानं रूक्षध्वस्तवपुःस्वरम् ॥ ३१ ॥
आवेदयन्तं दुःखानि सम्बद्धाबद्धभाषिणम् । नष्टस्मृतिं शून्यरतिं लोलं नग्नं मलीमसम् ॥ ३२ ॥
रथ्याचैलपरीधानं तृणामालाविभूषणम् । आरोहन्तं च काष्ठाश्वं तथा सङ्करकूटकम् ॥ ३३ ॥
बहाशिनं पिशाचेन विजानीयादधिष्ठितम् ।
The person who has unhealthy mind, who runs around without remaining at one place, fond of left out things (food etc.); dance, music, humour, wine and meat; of timid face due to threatening (by others) crying / weeping without any reason, scratching his own body from his nails; dryness (roughness) and stiffness of the body and voice, speaking out his miseries both relevant and irrelevant; who has loss of memory, is fond of solitude, sensuality, nudity and dirty things, wearing rags found in the streets, wearing garlands of grass, climbing ( riding ) on wooden horses, mingling with bad people and consuming large quantity of food many times, should be understood as siezed by pisaca graha. 30-34a.
Preta graha justa purusa
प्रेताकृतिक्रियागन्धं भीतमाहारविद्विषम् ॥ ३४ ॥
तृणच्छिदं च प्रेतेन गृहीतं नरमादिशेत् ।
The person who resembles a cadaver in appearance, activities and smell; is terrified, hates the food and indulges in plucking and splitting blades of grass- is said to be seized by preta graha. 34b-35a.
Kusmanda graha justa purusa
बहुप्रलापं कृष्णास्यं प्रविलम्बितयायिनम् ॥ ३५ ॥ शूनप्रलम्बवृषणं कूष्माण्डाधिष्ठितं वदेत् ।
He who talks too much, has black coloured face, moving (walking) very slow, has swollen and pendulous scrotum, should be recognised as seized by kusmanda graha. 35b-36a
Nisada graha justa purusa
गृहीत्वा काष्ठलोष्टादि भ्रमन्तं चीरवाससम् ॥ ३६ ॥
नग्नं धावन्तमुत्त्रस्तदृष्टिं तृणविभूषणम् । श्मशानशून्यायतनरथ्यैकद्रुमसेविनम् तिलान्नमद्यमांसेषु सततं सक्तलोचनम् ।
निषादाधिष्ठितं विद्याद् वदन्तं परुषाणि च ।। ३८ ॥ ॥३७॥
He who roams holding a baton or stone in his hands, wears rags, runs naked, has unsteady look, wears grass (hay) as ornaments, stays long in the cemetry, vacant ( haunted) houses, roads and lonely tree, constantly searching for food prepared from sesame, wine and meat, and speaking harshis said to be possessed by nisada graha. 36b-38.
Aukirana graha justa purusa
याचन्तमुदकं चान्नं त्रस्तलोहितलोचनम् । उग्रवाक्यं च जानीयान्नरमौकिरणार्दितम् ॥ ३९ ॥
He who begs water and food, eyes frieghtened and red, whose speech (talk) is harsh (abusive) is to be understood as seized by aukirana graha. 39.
Vetala graha justa purusa
गन्धमाल्यरति सत्यवादिनं परिवेपिनम् । बहुनिद्रं च जानीयाद्वेतालेन वशीकृतम् ॥ ४० ॥
The person who is fond of purfumes and garlands, speaks truth, trembles/shakes and sleeps to much is to be known as seized by vetala graha. 40.
Pitr graha justa purusa
अप्रसन्नदृशं दीनवदनं शुष्कतालुकम् । चलन्नयनपक्ष्माणं निद्रालुं मन्दपावकम् ॥ ४१ ॥
अपसव्यपरीधानं तिलमांसगुडप्रियम् । स्खलद्वाचं च जानीयात् पितृग्रहवशीकृतम् ॥ ४२ ॥
He who has an unpleasant face, humiliated look, dry palate, moving eye lashes constantly, of poor digestive capacity, wearing clothes in the left ward direction, food of sesame, meat and jaggery, and faltering speech (stammering, discontinuous talk) are the feature of the person having been seized by pitr graha. 41-42.
गुरुवृद्धर्षिसिद्धाभिशापचिन्तानुरूपतः व्याहाराहारचेष्टाभिर्यथास्वं तद्ग्रहं वदेत् ॥ ४३ ॥
He who exhibits in his speech, food and activities, the features of grahas) which are invoked by/named_in_the curses of the preceptors, elders, sages and persons having specific powers should be understood as seized by that graha. 43.
कुमारवृंदानुगतं नग्नमुद्धतमूर्धजम् । अस्वस्थमनसं दैर्घ्यकालिकं सग्रहं त्यजेत् ॥ ४४ ॥
He who is followed or surrounded by group of children (teasing him) who is naked, whose hair of the head stand erect, who is of unhealthy mind and who is suffering for a long time-such a person seized by grahas should be refused (treatment). 44.
इति श्रीवैद्यपतिसिंहगुप्तसूनुश्रीमद्वाग्भटविरचितायामष्टाङ्गहृदय संहितायां
षष्ठे उत्तरस्थाने भूतविज्ञानीयो नाम चतुर्थोऽध्यायः ॥ ४॥
Thus ends the chapter Bhuta vijnaniya—the fourth in uttarasthana of Astangahrdaya samhita composed by Srimad Vagbhata, son of Sri Vaidyapati Simhagupta.
